Which of the following aspects of diffusion of western culture threaten non-western ways of life
Roman (not just Roman, because Visigoths, Saxons, Franks, Burgundians participated in the battle…) army was led by a brilliant strategist Aetius, which forced Attila to retreat. Valentinian III refused that, and Atilla declared him war.Īttila with a huge army entered in Gaul, where took place in 451 AD at Catalaunian plains a decisive battle. Honoria sent the message and ring to Attila in order to help her, and Attila demanded all Roman treasury and he wanted half of the western Empire as dowry. A sister of the Western Emperor Valentinian III (425-455 AD), Justa Grata Honoria, was caught with one servant but she was ordered to marry to an old senator. The real war with the West happened due to a woman. However, the East did not have the money to waste so at one point the eastern Emperor Marcian (450-457 AD) sent a message to Attila: “I have no more gold for you, only iron!” Attila realized that it was no longer fun in the East, and he retreated to Roman province Pannonia. With time, Attila became stronger and he began to undertake plundering bursts into the Eastern Roman Empire, which attempted to get rid of him by bribery and by paying him an annual tribute in gold. In the initial phase Attila has even collaborated with the Roman general Flavius Aetius, who used him in conflicts against other Germanic tribes. The Huns led by Atilla founded their horde on the plains of Middle Danube, in the Pannonian plain. When they got a new leader, Attila, or as it was called in the West Flagellum Dei (Scourge of God), open confrontations with the Rome started. Nearly half a century Huns were quite quiet and peaceful. But, once fearsome warriors, because of wealth became weaker, corrupted and disorganized, which later made it easier for the Emperor Justinian (527-565 AD) and the Eastern Roman Empire to conquest Vandal kingdom. The term vandal and vandalism to this day refers to all uncivilized practices against people or cultural achievements. Vandals’ with they brutality in the persecution of Non-Arians Christians and pirate attacks in the Mediterranean as well as unnecessary violence gained a negative reputation. Their fleet controlled the island of Corsica, Sardinia and even Sicily, and in 455 AD they robbed even Rome. Vandals have become a very powerful force in the western Mediterranean. Upon completion of plundering of the cities, a Vandal Kingdom was established in the North Africa, with the center of Carthage.
#WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS OF DIFFUSION OF WESTERN CULTURE THREATEN NON WESTERN WAYS OF LIFE FULL#
Under the leadership of Vandals king Genseric, Vandals crossed over the Straits of Gibraltar to North Africa, which was full of rich cities, which gave them material to plunder for an entire decade. Vandals did not spend much time in Gaul, since with the arrival of the Visigoths in Italy they were pressed towards the south and Hispania.
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According to contemporaries, the Rhine was frozen with sufficient quantity of ice which allowed the Vandals and the rest of the troops to swarm across the Rhine at Mainz and burst into Gaul. However, the natural and climatic conditions allowed them to cross it on the last day of the 406 AD. Vandals immediately went to conquer the south and Gaul, but they were stuck on the Rhine river, since they were unable to cross it. The next big Germanic tribe which was pressured by the Huns, which pressured the Roman borders, was the tribe of the Vandals. Source of Map: Washtenaw Community College Franks invaded them in the sixth century, and Saracens destroyed their kingdom in Hispania during the eighth century. At the high peek of their power, in the middle of the fifth century, the Visigoths had spread from Gibraltar to the river Loire. Visigoths crossed the Alps and came to the area of Gaul where they settled and formed their Visigoth Kingdom. After Alaric’s death, the Visigoths did not stay for long in Italy. Something unthinkable has happened for Rome and Romans, the Eternal City, which resisted for the last eight centuries, fell into the hands of uncivilized conquer.
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Visigoths led by Alaric from Illyrian province went to Rome, which was looted in 410 AD. Besides that he was completely isolated from events, since he was at his court in Ravenna and he never saw Rome. Honorius had neither the power nor the knowledge to organize something. In such conditions it was almost impossible to defend Rome. This act made an army of the West terribly weakened. The only firm hand in the West, which was somewhat able to keep things under control, was Theodosius military leader Stilicho, which was killed by orders from a silly Honorius. For Arcadius that was killing two birds with one stone, because no matter whether Visigoth will succeed, he took them off his back. Alaric accepted the proposal, because he wanted to provide food and better living conditions for his own people.